The empty target is a variant of the phony target; it is used to hold commands for an action that you request explicitly from time to time. Unlike a phony target, this target file can really exist; but the file's contents do not matter, and usually are empty.
The purpose of the empty target file is to record, with its
last-modification time, when the rule's commands were last executed. It
does so because one of the commands is a touch command to update the
target file.
The empty target file must have some dependencies. When you ask to remake the empty target, the commands are executed if any dependency is more recent than the target; in other words, if a dependency has changed since the last time you remade the target. Here is an example:
print: foo.c bar.c
lpr -p $?
touch print
With this rule, `make print' will execute the lpr command if
either source file has changed since the last `make print'. The
automatic variable `$?' is used to print only those files that have
changed (see section Automatic Variables).
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